g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof cjwf/0ff–kq
!_ 5'gfvF
g]kfn ;Djt !!@^ -@)^@÷^# ;fn_ of zflGtk"0f{ hgqmflGtof kl/0ffd sy+ g]kfno\ juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo j n}+lus cfwf/o\ /fHoof k'g{;+/rgf ofgfM ;dfj]zL nf]stGq :yfkgf ofo]u' ;xdlt h"u' j dw]zL j cflbjf;L hghfltof cfGbf]ng lnkf b]o\ ;‹Lo zf;g k|0ffnLO o+s]u' ;xdlt h"u' vF emL ;s:of+ :o"u' x] vF vM . y'u' cfGbf]ng lnkf g]= ;+= !!@& rf}nf === -@)^# r}q #) ut]_ ltly v'Gx' cGtl/d ;+ljwfgo\ Gxfkf+u' ;+zf]wg ofgfM efu !& wf/f !#*-!_ o\ /fHoof cu|ufld k'g;+{/rgfof Joj:yf ofMu' vM . Yj ;+zf]wg sy+ æjuL{o, hftLo, eflifs, n}+lus, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s j If]qLo e]befj Gx+s]of lg+lt+ b]o\of s]lGb|s[t j PsfTds Joj:yfoft cGTo ofgfM /fHoof ;dfj]zL, nf]stflGqs ;‹Lo zf;g k|0ffnL ;lxtof cu|ufld k'g{;+/rgf ofo]u'Æ vF GXoygftMu' b' . g]kfM b]o\oft ;‹Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq wfM;f g]=;++= !!@* j5nf === -@)^% h]i7 !% _ ltly v'Gx' h"u' ;+ljwfg;efof Gxfkf+u' d'FHof+ 3f]if0ff ofMu' vM . cy] x] ;+ljwfg;ef /fHo k'g{;+/rgf j /fHo zlQm jfF8kmfF6 ;ldlt+ Gx\AjMu' k|ltj]bgo\ g+ g]kfM ;‹Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq h'Ou' ln;]+ g]jfM k|b]z nufot !$ u" k|b]zof Gx" g]kfof ;+/rgf Gx\oJoo] w'+s"u' b' . Yjx] ;Gbe{o\ g]jfMto\t /fhgLlts ?k+ Gx\oHofs]u' tfMt'gfM ;‹Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq, cfTdlg0f{oof clwsf/, :jfoQ /fHo, hftLo :jzf;g, j ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj cflb ljifo; k|ltj4 b]o\of d" /fhgLlts kf6L{of tMx]s]F u'lyt ;lxt g]jfMto\u' lemu" vnM k'rM hfgfM g]kfn ;Djt !!#) lrNnfYj !# v'Gx' g]jfM b]o\ bj"of kxno\ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo d+sfM ;‹if{ ;ldlt gfd+ y'u' ;‹if{ ;ldlt gL:jg]u' Hof h"u' vM .
Yj ;ldlt+ ;g\ @))& of cflbjf;L clwsf/;DaGwL ljZjAofkL 3f]if0ffkq+ cflbjf;L hghfltto\t ljoftMu' æcfTdlg0f{oof clwsf/ j clwsf/oft 5\onfM pld;+ /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs j ;fF:s[lts If]qo\ :jtGqtfk"j{s yMu' x}l;ot SjMl5O kmOu'Æ dfGotf j cGt//fli6«o >d ;+u7g dxf;GwL – !^( kfv]+ ;sn cflbjf;LlkGt yMyMu' P]ltxfl;s nfufof k|fs[lts >f]to\ cu|flwsf/ ;'lglZrt ofgftMu' j /fhgLlts j gful/s clwsf/;DaGwL cGt//fli6«o dxf;GwL j cfly{s, ;fdflhs j ;fF:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL dxf;GwLkfv]+ k|Tofe"tofgftMu' cfTdlg0f{oof clwsf/of vFof aMsf;]+, g]kfMoft ;‹Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq b]o\ bo]s]t ;+ljwfg;efkfv]+ s'tM ofgfRj+u' Yj Ono\ g]jfMto\;+ tf O{ Gxojlg;]+ :jfoQ /fHoof clwsf/ ;'lglZrt h'OdfM wsfM Yjo]sfjofRj+u' ;Moft gfnfsf;] hftLo Dx;Lsf j ;fd{Yotfof lnwF;fo\ g]kfn ;Djt !!#) kf]x]nfYj ( -@^ l8;]Dj/ @)!)_ v'Gx' g]jfM cflbe'ldO g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof P]ltxfFl;s 3f]if0ff ofMu' vM . Yjx] ;Gbe{o\ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof 3f]if0ffoft cg'df]bg ofo]u' j g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof d+sfM cjwf/0ffkq kfl/t ofo]u' tfMt'gf Yj /fli6«o ;Dd]ngo\ Yj d+sfM cjwf/0ffkq Gxo\Ajofu' h'n .
@_ g]kfn j g]jfM
k|fu P]ltxfFl;s sfn+lg;]+ x] emLu' b]o\of gf+ g]kfn vM;f ygof d" jfl;Gbf g]jfM vM . Yj b]o\of gf+ u'sy+ g]kfn Rjg wOu' ;Gbe{o\ yg yLyL wfk" vg]b' . hol:ylt dNnof kfno\ Rjs"u' uf]kfn /fhj+zfjnL sy+ æg]k gf+of ;fk'+ yg hgkb -/fHo_ :yfkgf ofMu' h'ofM …g]kÚo\ æcfnÆ -Rjg]u' yfo\_ k|Too :jfgf g]kfn gf+ h"u' vM . u'lnu'ln:of+ g]o\-g]k_ d'lg+ kln:yf ofMu' b]o\ h'ofM Yj b]o\of gf+ g]kfn h"u' g+ wfo]u' ofM . Oltxf; lz/f]d0fL jfj'/fd cfrfo{h+' tTsflng ls/ft kl/jf/of g]kf/ hfltkfv]+ x] g]kfn zAb jMu' pNn]v ofgfbLu' b' . jo\sMof sy+ k|frLg ef/tof k|fs[t efiffo\ æ/Æ of kN;f ænÆ pRrf/0f h'Ou' vM . j x] g]kfn zJb kfv]+ yf}+of g]jf/ jf rLxfsn+ g]kfM÷g]jfM zJb jMu' ljZjf; b' . y'sy+ g]kfMof hgtfoft g]jfM wfo]u' ofMu' vM . emLu' g]kfnefiffof eflifs rl/qkfv]+ g Yj vF :k:6 ofM .
g]kfn zAb bsn] Gxfkf+ yf}+ :jof+ Yo+dYo+ @% ;M bF GXoM cy{j kl/lzi6o\ pNn]v h"u' vg]b' . pQ/ ef/tof ;d|f6 rGb|u'Kt df}o{ -O{=k"= #@!–#(&_ of dGqL sf}l6No+ bo]s"u' cy{zf:qo\ g+ æg]kfnÆ zAb k|of]u h"u' b' . -cfrfo{, @)^) M ^^_ y'u' Nofv+ sl/a @# ;M bF GXoM x] emLu' b]o\ g]kfnof gfd+ k|l;4 h'Ow'+s"u' vg]b' . uf]kfn lnkf yg jMlk+ zf;st dlxifkfn, ls/ft, lnR5jL, dNn bSj+ g]jfM x] h'n . O{zfof bzf}+ ztfAbLof gfkgfk+ pQ/ klZrdkfv]+ y'u' If]qo\ b'xf+jMlk+ d'dL{ wfMlk+ tfdfªt g+ g]kfno\ a;f]jf; ofo]w'+sfM Oldt g+ g]jfM x] wofxn . Pkm= lj= xfldN6gof sy+ lxGb's[t d'dL{t x] sfF7 ef]l6of vM . j ;d'bfo g]jfM b'g] ;dflxt h'O w'+s"u' b' -x]ldN6g, !(() M %(_ . sf]zn u0f/fHoof ljb'8s+ zfSo u0f/fHooft xMtf ofu' Ono\ g]kfM b'xfF jlk+ ZffSot j sf]nLo u0f/fHoof sf]nLot g+ yg Rjg] w'+sfM g]jfM x] h"u' vg] b' . cy] x] yLyL sfnv08o\ yg Rj+ jMlk+ d}lyn jd{'t, d':df+t, 8«flj8 wf]aLt j OzfO{t ;sl;t+ yg Rjg]j+ g]jfM x] wofxn . y'sy+ dNnsfn :jof GXoM yg Rj+jMlk+ cfo{, cfli6«s, 8«flj8 GXofu' x] gZnof h";f+ Olk+ k'mSs+ g]jfM h'n .
#_ P]ltxfl;s g]kfnd08n j g]jfM /fHo
uf]kfn /fha+zfjnL sy+ g]kfno\ sl/j ^^^ bF uf]kfn j dlxifkfn j+z j !()# bF ls/ft zf;gof O{ vM . cg+ lnkf b'xfF jMlk+ lnR5jLt;]+ g]kfMof tTsfnLg /fhwfgL onoft NxfltO sfo] w'+sf ls/ftL zf;st k"j{kfv] lj:o'+ jg]u' em\jno\ Old;+ jg]kfM zx/ bo]sfM tTsfnLg g]kfMof k"jL{ l;dfgf l6i6fts zf;g oft;f lnR5jLt;]+ yMu' ljlht e"ldO Gx"u' zf;g k|0ffnL :yflkt oft . lnR5jLt g]kfM Go+s+ yMu' /fHo lj:tf/of emjno\ k"j{kfv] ;'gsf]zL, tfdfsf]zL, lnv', b'wsf]zLln;]+ 5u' Ono\ c?0f ts Gx\of jg ;f klZrdkfv] Old;+ sflnu08sL -dNnk'/_ ts yMu' /fHo lj:tf/ oft . Oltxf; lz/fd0fL afa'/fd cfrfo{ofsy+ lnR5jLt g]kfM jo]w'+sfM yMu' /fHo b'g] yMu' j+z k/Dk/fsy+ a+lHh /fHoo\ k|rlnt ;‹/fHo z'? ofMu' vM . k|frLg sfno\ ljZjof ljljw e"–v08o\ yMu' ljlht e'ldO cgof hgtfto\;+ lab|f]x dofo]dfM wsfM ;‹Lo k|s[ltof :jfoQtf aLu' k|rng b'u' vM . g]kfno\ æg]kfnd08nÆ gfd+ lnR5jLt;]+ z'? ofMu' ;‹ /fHoof k/Dk/f g+ lalht e'ldO Ao"u' :jfoQtf vM wOu' vF k|i6 h" .
g]kfnd08n zAbof bsn] Gxfkf+ k|of]u Yo+dYo+ lem++:j;M bF GXoM lnR5jL h'h' hob]j låtLoof kfno\ 1fg]Zj/of clen]vo\ vg]b' . j :jof+ GXoM O{=;+= $^$ ; dfgb]j k|ydof kfno\ rf+u'of :tDe n]vof :nf]s g+= ( of :j+u"u' x/kmo\ ædkfGg]kfn /fHoÆ wOu' zAb k|of]u h"u' b' . dkfGg]kfn of cy{ j[xt g]kfn vM . dfgb]jof pu' :tDe n]vo\ æ;' h'h'lk+ lhu' sfa'O RjgL Oldt yfd]ofo]Æ wfMu'kfv]+ Yj vF k'i6L h" . Oltxf;sf/ 8f= hulbzrGb| /]UdLof sy+ pu' :tDe n]vo\ pNn]v h"u' k"j{ b]o\ wOu' lsF/ft k|b]z vM;f klZrdL b]o\ dNnk'/L vM . jo\sMof sy+ yy] lj:tf/ ofo]w'+sfM lnlR5jLto\;+ j /fHot gfk+ æ;‹ y]+hfMu' gftfÆ :jfMu' vM . -/]UdL, @)%% M @!%_ lnR5jL sfno\ g]kfnd08nof pQ/L l;dfgf l;vf/ hf]Ë -lb3f{rL_ vM;f blIf0fL l;dfgf dxfef/t kj{t >[Înf vM . tTsfnLg g]kfnd08nof pQ/L l;dfgf l;vf/ hf]Ë -lb3f{rL_ vM wOu' vF ;|ªrªuDkf] j c+z'jdf{of by'O h"u' Jofkfl/s j bf}To ;DjGwkfv]+ g k'li6 h" .
dNnsfno\ g+ g]kfnd08nof nfuf la:tf/ cleofg GXofgf x] Rj+u' vg]b' . h'h' huHof]lt dNnof u|Gy æg/klt hgrof{ l6sfÆ o\ oIf dNn+ k"j{o\ a+unfb]z blIf0fo\ ;'/gbL -u+uf_ j uof, j klZrdo\ uf]vf{ts yMu' /fHo lj:tf/ ofMu' vM . lslt{k"/of j+zfjnLsy+ j+ pQ/o\ ef]6gfk+ g+ o'4 oft j y'u' k|sf/+ l;vf/ hf]Ë -lb3f{rL_ jofM NxfltO nft wsfM pNn]v ofgftMu' b' . -zdf{, @)## M !$!–!$@_ yf}+ :jof+ nueu %&( bF GXoM RjoftMu' g]kfn dxfTDoo\ g+ g]kfMof l;dfgf k"j{o\ sf]zL, klZrdo\ lqz'nL, pQ/o\ lzjk'/L j blIf0fo\ zLtnf]bsf -lr;fkfgL_ v'l; wsfM pNn]v ofgftMu' b' . g]jfMt;]+ zf;g ofgfRj+u' Yj /fHo Vjk, Ejt, åfNvf, o]+ j on Gofu" /fHoof ;‹ vM . lnkf Ejt /fHo Vjkln;] Plss/0f h'Ow'+sf Ko+u" /fHo h'n;f åfNvf sl/j ;lR5bF cnu /fHo h";f+ lnkf o]Fo\ b'Yoft . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx g+ xMtf ofMu' Ono\ g]kfnd08nof e"efu Yj x] nfuf b'g] ;+s'rg h"u' vg]b' . g]kfnd08n g]jfM h'h'lk;+ zf;g ofgfRj+u' /fHo h";f+ Yj nfuf b'g] P]ltxfl;s sfn+ lg;]+ x] tfdfª, ;'g'jf/, ;'/]n, lh/]n, yfld, ;]{kf, XoNdf] cflb hfltt g+ cflbjf;L hgtfsy+ b'YofMu' vM .
$_ /fHoof Gx" ;+/rgf – ;‹Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq M–
uf]vf{of h'h' k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx+ yMu' /fHolj:tf/ ofgfM yf}+of g]kfM lgdf{0f ofo]u' em\jno\ ;g\ !&$$ ; g]kfnd08nof o]Fo\ cGtu{tof gSjfM yMu' lgoGq0fo\ sfn . cg+ lgSjMu' v'l;O Tofs]w'+sfM åfNvf g+ yMu' lgoGq0fo\ sfn . ;g\ !&^* ; o]F Tofs] w'+sfM qmdzM on j Vjk g+ yMu' lgoGq0fo\ sfn . cg+ k"j{ klZrd Go+s+ /fHo lj:tf/of cleofg Gx\oft . y'sy+ s]Gb|Ls[t ;fdGtL /fHo kln:yf ofo]w'+sfM ygof /fHo k|0ffnL PsfTds j zf;g k|0ffnL s]Gb|Ls[t h"u' b' . pan]lg;]+ x] yg hflt, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt km'Ss Vono\ v; cfo{ k|e'Tj :yflkt h"u' vM . Yj x] vF jfMrfo]sfM /fHoof km'Ss ;+/rgfo\ 5u" hfltof k|e'Tj Gx+sfM ;dfgtfof k|Tofe"t ofo]t s]Gb|o\ ;‹ /fHo j k|b]zo\ hftLo, eflifs j If]qLo :jfoQtfo\ cfwfl/t :jfoQ /fHoof dfu h'ofRj+u' vM . y'ls+ s]Gb|o\ ;femf zf;g j k|b]z÷/fHoo\ :jzf;gof k|Tofe"t h'O . y'HjMu' /fHoof s]\Gb|Lo :j?k ;‹Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq h'O .
y'HjMu' ;‹Lo u0ftGqo\ b]o\of km'Ss hfltof ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf bOu' nf]stflGqs /fHooGq bO . u'Dx+ JolQm, kf6L{ jf ;+:Yff dv' hgtf ;fj{ef}d ;Qf ;DkGg h'O . km'Ss+ gful/sto\t JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs ?k+ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;‹+ 3f]if0ff ofgftMu' cfTd lg0f{oof clwsf/ bO . s]Gb|o\ ;‹Lo ;+/rgfoft Njo\s gLlt lgdf{0fof lg+lt+ lgu" ;bg bO . psL dWoo\ /fHo ;efo\ hftLo, eflifs, If]qLo km'Ss :jfoQ k|b]ztkfv]+ ;dfg Nofvo\ k|ltlglwTj ofs]u' gfk+ yMu' :jfoQ k|b]z db'lk+ hfltto\u' ;f+:s[lts :jfoQtfof dfGotf sy+ k|ltlglwTjof ljz]if Joj:yf h'O . d]u' ;bg k|fb]lzs hg;+Vofof cg'kfto\ ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj b'u' k|ltlglw ;ef h'O . hgtfof ;jf]{Rrtf :yflkt ofo]t /fli6«o d'2fo\ hgdt ;+u|x ofs]u' Joj:yfofln;]+ hgtf+ yMu' x] kxno\ yLyL vFr'O hgtfkfv]+ ;+;bo\ k|:tfj o+s] bOu' Joj:yf h'O . b]o\of ;+wLo ;/sf/o\ /fi6«klt jf k|wfgdGqL Gx\ofDx sfo{sf/L k|d'v h";f+ km'Ss k|b]zto\ ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjof Joj:yf b'u' ;xsfof{Tds ;/sf/ h'O . s]Gb|of ;+j}wflgs cbfnt j ;jf]{Rr cbfnt g+ ;dfj]zL nf]stGqof lnw+;fo\ u7g ofo]u' h'O . y'sy+ b]o\of s]Gb|Lo ;Qfof ?k ;‹Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq h'O . y'Hju' Joj:yfo\ ljwflosL, sfo{sf/L j Goflos lgsfoof by'O lgoGq0f j ;Gt'ng sfod ofgfM zlQm k[ysLs/0f ofo]u' h'O . aflnu dtflwsf/, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{, sfg"gof zf;g, df}lns xs, wd{ lg/k]Iftf, dfgj clwsf/ cflbof k|Tofe"t h'O .
hgtfof d'lQm j ;d[l4of lg+lt+ ;fdGtL e":jfldTj cGTo ofgfM j}1flgs÷qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ j cf}Bf]uLs/0fof gLlt gfn]u' h'O . km'Ss >dhLjL hgtfln;]+ j[4, czQm j c;xfolklgu' ;+/If0f h'O sy+ nf]s sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yf :yfkgf ofo]u' h'O . go]u', k'g]u', Rjg]u', Ajg]u', Hof ofo]u', p;fFo\ af+nfs]u' y'HjMu' vF g+ hgtfof cfwf/e"t clwsf/ h'O . b]o\of km'Ss+ /fHo ;+/rgfo\ ld;f–ldh+ a/fa/ h'O, Oldu' ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjof Joj:yf h'O . ;fdlGt j cGwljZjf;+ xf softMu' l/ltlylt, ;+:sf/ Gx+sfM nf]stflGqs j j}1flgs ;+:s[lt ljsf; ofo]u' h'O . /fHo+ ;/sf/L HofvFo\ ax'eflifs j ax' ;fF:s[lts gLlt cjnDjg ofO . g]kfMof df}lns ;Djt g]kfn ;Djtoft /fHo+ 5\onfj'nfo\ xO . b]o\of ;]gfof ;+/rgfoft nf]stflGqs d" j dfGotf sy+ Gx"wfM ofo]u' ln;]+ b]o\ j hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]xL h'Osy+ ;dfj]zL ofgfM b]zelQmk"0f{ efjgf Ajn+s]u' h'O . hMnfvMnf b]o\gfk af+nfMu' ;tLu' :jfk"to\u' gfk+ km'Ss b]o\ln;] /fli6«o lxtof lnw+;fo\ ;Gt'lnt k//fi6« gLlt gfn]u' h'O .
;‹Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqo\ b]o\of ljsfzof Hof oft ltj ljOt ljleGg /fHo ;/sf/oft ;dGjo ofgfM cGt/ ;/sf/L ;+oGq u7g ofo]u' h'O . cy] x] ;xsf/L ;‹Lotfof dfGotf sy+ /fh:j jfF8kmfF6 ofo]u' lglt+ ;‹Lo ljQ cfof]u uyg ofo]u' h'O . Yj cfof]u+ wgL k|b]z j ul/j k|b]zof by'O ljsfzof cGt/ Dxf] ofo]u' nflu lglZrt dfkb08of lnwF;fo\ ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg ofo]u' Joj:yf g+ ldn] ofO . cy] x] 5u" /fHo j d]u' /fHoof by'O ;|f]t ;fwg;f ;fd'lxs k|of]u ofo]u' j 5u" k|b]zof cefj d]u' k|b]zkfv]+ k"j+s]u' lglt+ s]Gb|+ ;dGjo ofo]u' ofgfM If]qLo ljsfz kl/ifb g+ u7g ofo]u' h'O .
%_ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo j Yjof nfuf M–
Rjo\ Gx\oygf sy+of ;‹Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqo\ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo g+ 5u" ;‹Lo k|b]z h'OdfM . 5u" Ono\ g]kfM÷g]kfnd08n gfd+ gL:j+u' emL g]jfMto\u' P]ltxfl;s yfo\afo\of gfd+ x] yf}+ ;du| b]o\of gf+ g]kfM h"u' b' . y'HjMu' cj:yfo\ /fHo k'g;{+/rgf ofo]ano\ g]jfMto\u' yMu' nfufof gf+ 5' tM;f kfo\l5 h'O wOu' ljifo g+ jx;of 5u" ljifo h'ofRj+u' b' . yf}+ ;du| b]o\of x] gf+ g]kfM h'Ow'+s"u'ln+ g]jfMto\u' yMu' /fHooft hftLo klxrfgof lnwF;fo\ g]jfM /fHo wfo]u' pko'Qm h'O . g]jfM /fHoof d" cfwf/ P]ltxfFl;s g]kfnd08n b'g]of g]jfM jfx'Notf, j;f]jf;of lg/Gt/tf j hgtfof dgf]efjgf h'O . g]jfM /fHoo\ tfM O{ Gx\ojlg;]+ cflbjf;L g]jfM hgtfoft h'ofRj+u' pTkL8gof kn];f sy+ plQUo+s k|lt:kwf{ ofo] kmOu' nsz db'tn]of lglt+ g]jfMto\t g]t[Tj j k|ltltlwTjof ln;]+ cfO=Pn=cf]= dxf;GwL !^( ; Joj:yf h" sy+ hn, hdLg, h+un k'mSs Vono\ cu|flwsf/of Joj:yf h'O . t/ g]jfM /fHoo\ b'g] g]jfMln;] d]d]u' hflt j hghfltt g+ b'u'ln+ yg P]ltxfl;s On+lg;]+ j;f]jf; ofgfRj+lk+ d]d]u' hfltof hgtfoft g+ ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjof clwsf/ ;'/lIft h'O .
g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof nfuf SjMl5Ou' lg+lt+ k|dfl0ft j ;j{l:js[t P]ltxfl;s bl; sy+ g]kfnd08nof k'nf+u' nfuf, jt{dfg Ono\ g]jfMto\ jfx'Notf b'u' nfuf, pu' nfufof P]ltxfl;s j k'/ftflTjs k|df0f, yf}+of j;f]jf; l:ylt, j+zfjnL, lznfn]v, wft'O RjoftMu' clen]v, x:tlnlvt u|Gy, Yof;km", wd{u|Gy, nf]sDo], efiff, ;+:s[lt, ;Dkbf cflboft lnwF;f sfo]u' h'O . Yj ;Gbe{o\ yf}+sGxo\ d"ntM :j+u" larfM GXoMg] jofRj+u' b' –
s_ P]ltxfFl;s jf k|frLg g]kfnd08nof k'mSs+ e"efuoft g]jfM /fHo sy+ gfn]u',
v_ ;+ljwfg;efof /fHo k'g{;+/rgf j /fHozlQm jfF8kmfF6 ;ldlt+ k|:tfljt ofMMu' g]jfM k|b]zof e"efuoft g]jfM /fHo sy+ gfn]u',
u_ P]ltxfFl;s g]kfnd08n b'g] cfM g+ g]jfMt ;3g ?k+ Rj+Rj+u' j j;f]jf;of lg/Gt/tf b'u' k'mSs+ e"efuoft g]jfM /fHo sy+ gfn]u' .
-Rjo' GX\oygf sy+ g]jfM /fHoof :j+u" j}slNks gS;fof n" y'sy+ b' – ============_
Yj :j+u" larfM dWoo\ P]ltxfFl;s g]kfnd08noft g]jfM /fHo÷k|b]zof ?ko\ sfo]ano\ ygof u}/ g]jfM cflbjf;Lt gfk+of emLu' :jfk" :ki6 ofo] kmo\s] dfM . k|frLg g]kfnd08n g]jfMto\u' /fhgLlts k|zf;lgs nfuf vM;f g+ Yj k'mSs+ e"efu g]jfMto\u' cflbe"ld dv' . g]kfMoft g]kfnd08nof ?k ljO Gx\oof k'nf+u' g]kfM x] jf:tjo\ g]jfMto\u' cflbe"ld vM . lgu"u' ljrfM cyf{t ;+ljwfg;efof /fHo k'g{;+/rgf j /fHozlQm jfF8kmfF6 ;ldlt+ klxrfg j ;fd{Yotfof lnwF;fo\ k|:tfljt ofMu' g]jfM k|b]zof e"efuoft b'jfnf :jo]u' vM;f y'lsO lglZrt ?k+ 5'+ dufM drf b' . vf; ofgfM emLu' hg3gTj j ;Lldt ;|f]t ;fwgof x'lg+ emLt lnkf ;d:of djo]dfM wOu' vFo\ emL;+ Wofg ljOdfM . t/ k|lts"n kl/l:yltO g+ g]jfMto\u' klxrfg j ;fd{Yotfof lnwF;fo\ k|b]z bo\s]u' k|:tfjoft emL;+ ;sf/fTds ?k+ sfo]dfM . Yjoft ;+:yfut ofo]u' Hofo\ emL;+ ltjM ljOdfM . y'lsO 5'+ sld sdhf]/Lof jfjh'b Yj emLu' ;‹if{of kl/0ffd g+ vM wOu' vF Njd+s] dHo' . t/ emLu' dfu P]ltxfFl;s g]kfnd08n b'g] cfM g+ g]jfMt ;3g ?k+ Rj+Rj+u' j j;f]jf;of lg/Gt/tf b'u' k'mSs+ e"efuoft g]jfM /fHo b'Yofs]dfM wOu' vM . pls+ emL;+ Rjo\ Gx\oygf sy+ cflbe"ld klxrfgof dfkb08oft cfwf/ bo\sfM :j+u"u' ljrfM sy+ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo :jg]u' x] bsno\ kfo\l5u' nF vM .
P]ltxfFl;s g]kfnd08n b'g] yf}+of cj:yfoft :jo]u' vM;f g]jfM j tfdfªto\ cnu cnu :jfoQ /fHoof ;Defjgf b' . 5u" Ono\ Yjx] nfufof k"jL{ e"efuo\ jNnf] ls/ftof g+ cl:tTj b' . pls+ k'nf+u' g]kfnd08n b'g] tfdfª j ls/ft jfx'Notf j lg/Gt/tf b'u' nfuf jfx]s P]ltxfFl;s g]kfnd08nof k'mSs+ e"efu g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoo\ b'Yofs]u' h'O . t/ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof b'g] nfMu' u'u'+ nfufo u}/ g]jfM cflbjf;L ;d'bfoof jfx'Notf bt wfM;f pHjMu' cflbjf;L ;d'bfoof lg+lt+ ljz]if :jfoQ nfuf Sj5Lu' h'O . y'sy+ :jgLu' g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo u'u'+ 5u" k|b]zof rfsM b'g] nfo] dHo' wOu' g+ emLu' :ki6 wf/0ff vM .
d]u' 5tf vF Yj g]jfM e"ld b]o\of x] /fhwfgL h'ofRj+u' x'lg+ Yjoft /fhwfgL k|b]z hs laOdfM wOu' larfM g+ Ono\ Jono\ jof Rj+u' b' . /fhwfgL h"u' x'lg+ emL :jfoQ /fHoof clwsf/kfv]+ al~rt h" jgLu' ;Defjgf g+ oSj b' . /fhwfgL k|b]z h'Ojno\ emLt :jfoQ zf;gof clwsf/ bt wfM;f+ Yj s]Gb|Lo e"ld (Union Territory) h" jg]k'm .+ sGxo\ /fhwfgL RjgfM x/]s lsl;dof naM sfo]u' tft'gfM b]o\ Go+s+of yLyL hfltt b'xf+ jOu' cj:yfo\ g]jfMt cNk;+Vos h'ofM y'HjMu' /fHoo\ emLu' cl:tTj Gxgf jg]k'm . pls+ /fhwfgL yg x] tn wfM;f+ emLt g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo bo ] x] dfM . y'ls+ emL;+ yMu' e"ldO g]t[Tjof clwsf/ :yflkt ofo]u' gfk+ s]Gb|of ;‹Lo ;+/rgfo\ g+ k|ToIf e"ldsf lDxt] kmO .
y'sy+ g]jfMto\u' cnUu :jzfl;t /fHo÷k|b]z bOu' cj:yfo\ yMu' k|b]z+ lkg] RjgLlk+ g]jfMt;]+ ;fF:s[lts :jfoQtfof gLlt sy+ g]jfM /fHoo\ k|ltlglwTjof ljz]if Joj:yfln;]\ yDx+ lnkf ljsf; ofMu' kfNkf, aGbLk'/, ef]hk'/, r}gk'/ cflb yLyL yf;o\ nfuf, gu/÷uf+kflnsf tludo\ yMu' zf;gflwsf/ sfo] vgL . Oldt j;f]jf; ofgfRj+u' /fHoof k|b]lzs hg ;ef j ;‹Lo k|ltlglw ;efo\ g+ pu' yf;+ ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjof clwsf/ ;'/lIft h'O . y'sy+ g]jfM k|b]z+ lkg] Rjgf Rj+lk+ g]jfMto\u' xs, xLt j clwsf/ ;+/If0fof lg+lt+ g g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo+ e"ldsf lDxltO .
^_ g]jfM /fHoof ;+/rgf j If]qflwsf/ M–
;‹Lo /fHo s]Gb|o\ ;femf zf;g j k|b]zo\ :jzf;gof dfGotfof lnwF;fo\ kln:yf h'O . y'HjMu' Joj:yfo\ k|Tos k|b]zt :jfoQ h'Ou' j :jzfl;t ;d'bfooft zf;gflwsf/of Joj:yf h'O . g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo g]jfMto\u' P]ltxfl;s e'ldO gL:jgLu' h"u'ln+ ygof k|fb]lzs ;+/rgfo\ g]jfMto\t g]t[Tjof clwsf/ bO;f d]d]u' hfltto\t ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjof Joj:yf h'O . Yj Joj Sjft'sL . ygof k|fb]lzs ;+/rgfsy+ yMu' x] cnUu k|fb]lzs hg ;ef, ;/sf/ j Gofofno bO
g]jfM /fHoo\ cflbjf;L g]jfM hgtfoft h'ofRj+u' pTkL8gof kn];f sy+ plQUo+s k|lt:kwf{ ofo] kmOu' nsz db'tn]of lglt+ g]jfMto\t g]t[Tj j k|ltltlwTjo\ cu|flwsf/of Joj:yf h'O . t/ g]jfM /fHoo\ b'g] g]jfMln;] d]d]u' hflt j hghfltt g+ b'u'ln+ yg P]ltxfl;s On+lg;]+ j;f]jf; ofgfRj+lk+ d]d]u' hfltof hgtfoft g+ ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjof clwsf/ ;'/lIft h'O . y'lsof lg+lt+ g]jfM k|b]z b'g]of nfufoft hg;+Vofof cg'kfto\ ax';b:oLo lgjf{rg If]q gfn]u' h'O . y'sy+ NoMu' k|fb]lzs hg ;ef+ km'Ss nfufkfv]+ k|ltlglwTj ofsfM ;dfj]zL k|s[ltof ;/sf/ :jg]u' h'O . cy] x] g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoo\ emLu' cnUu pRr cbfnt g+ bO . k|fb]lzs hg ;ef+ bo ]s"u' sfg"g b'g] RjgfM cbfnt+ yMu' Hof GXofsL . emLu' yMu' k/Dk/fut ;fF:s[lts lgod (Customary Laws) oft g+ b]o\of d"n ;+ljwfggfk dNjfSs k|fb]lzs hg ;ef+ SjMl5gfM nfu" ofo] kmO . y'HjMu' ;+;b, ;/sf/ j cbfnt :jyf;+ g]jfMto\t g]t[Tjof clwsf/ ;'/lIft h'O .
y'HjMu' :jfoQ /fHooft ;'/Iff, d'b|f, ljb]z ;DaGw, lgu" :jofM cKjM k|b]zgfk :jfgfRj+u' k|fs[lts ;|f]t, ;Dkbf, /fhdfu{, xjfO p8fg, hnljB't, cfof]hgf cflb afx]s d]u' km'Ss+ clwsf/ bO . y'sy+ k|b]zoft k|fb]lzs ;'/Iff, gLlt lgdf{0f, zf;g, k|zf;g, ef}lts of]hgf, ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff, ljsf; lgdf{0f, pBf]u, Jofkf/, >d Joj:yf, k|fb]lzs ;8s, hn, h+un, hdLg, h}ljs ljljwtf, lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/, efiff, lnlkof k|of]u P]ltxfl;s k'/ftflTjs j ;fF:s[lts ;+/If0f, ko{6g ljsf;, k|fb]lzs 6]lnlehg /]l8of] ;+rfng, cflbof clwsf/ bO . g]jfM /fHooft cGt/f{li6«o Aofkf/ j lj1fg k|ljlwof s]Gb| sy+ ljsf; ofo]u' h'O . cy] x] yMu' If]qof ;|f]t j ;fwg 5\on]u' j /fh:j ;+sng ofo]u', ah]6 k|:t't ofo]u' clwsf/ g+ g]jfM /fHooft bO . cy] x] k|To]s k|b]zoft s]Gb|of /fHo ;efo\ yMu' /fHokfv]+ ;dfg Nofvo\ k|ltlglwTj ofo]u', k|ltlglw ;efo\ bnt;]+ k|fKt ofMu' dtof cg'kfto\ k|ltlglwTj ofo]u' ln;]+ d]d]u' /fHo oGqo\ g+ yMu' k|ltlglwTjof clwsf/ bO . g]jfM k|b]zof yMu' x] ;]jf cfof]u j of]hgf cfof]u g+ bO . g]jfM k|b]z+ yLyL b]o\of ;dfg :t/of k|b]zgfk+ s]Gb|of cg'dlt sofM efO{rf/f ;DaGw ljsf; ofo]u' j ljsf; lgdf{0fo ;fem]bf/L ofo]kmO . s]Gb| j g]jfM k|b]zof by'O hgtfof lxtof lglt+ Ps cfk;o\ Ujfxflnof :jfk" bO . b]o\ b'g]of yLyL k|b]zt gfk+ g+ Aofkf/, ljlgdo, k|fs[lts ;|f]tof cfbfg k|bfg y]+ hfMu' Hof ofo]t g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]z :jtGq h'O .
cy] x] 5'+ 5'+ HofvFo\ s]Gb| j k|b]zof ;xjtL{o clwsf/ bO . hgtfoft dfMu' j:t'of cfk"lt{ j ;'–Joj:yf, ef]lts of]hgf j k"jf{wf/, ljsfz lgdf{0f, lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/, kl/jf/ lgof]hg j hg;+Vof lgoGq0f, ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, ;fdflhs jLdf, /fxt j k'glgdf{0f, pBf]u, vlgh, jfl0fHo, cfk"lt,{ d"No lgoGq0f, k"/ftTj j k|flrg :df/s ;+/If0f, sf/fuf/ j lx/f;t Joj:yfkg, ;DklQ k|fKt ofo]u', clwu|x0f j clwsf/of ;[hgf, j}1flgs cg';Gwfg, pTkfbg, ljt/0f, rnlrq, l;g]df xn, ;jf/L ;fwg cg'dlt, s[lif j kz' ljsf;, clUg j k|sf]k Joj:yfkg, ko{6g, nM j ;';fs';f, jg, jftfj/0f cflb s]Gb| j k|b]zof ;xjtL{ clwsf/ h'O .
cy] x] :yfgLo lgsfooft k|fb]lzs sfg'go\ Joj:yf ofgfM ;fd'bflos k|x/L, :yfgLo ahf/ Joj:yfkg, ;DkQL, 3/ axfn, ;jf/L ;fwg s/, :yfgLo Pkm= Pd ;+rfng, :yfgLo ;8s, :yfgLo tYofÍ j clen]v ;+sng, :jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO{, lrlrw+u' l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf, :yfgLo ;]jfof Joj:yfkg, hGd, d[To', Olxkf nufotof JolQmut 36gf btf{, a]/f]huf/of Joj:yfkg, s[lif k|;f/of Joj:yfkg, ;+rfng j lgoGq0f, a[4, a[4f, ckfË, ld;f j czQmx?tou' Joj:yfkg, :yfgLo of]hgf, uf+of oftfoft cflbof Joj:yfkg ofo]u' clwsf/ ljOu' h'O .
;+ljwfgo\ :ki6 ?k+ Joj:yf dh"u' /fHoof zlQm j cjlzi6 clwsf/ s]Gb| j k|b]zof ;xjtL{ clwsf/ (Concurrent Rights) sy+ Joj:yf ofo]u' h'O .
&_ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof gLlt M–
g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof gLlt Sjo\ GXoygf sy+ h'O –
s_ /fHo Joj:yf j zf;g k|0ffnL
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo u0ftGqfTds /fHo h'O . zlQm k[ylss/0fof l;4fGtof lnwF;fo\ ygof k|fb]lzs hg ;ef, ;/sf/, pRr cbfnt j ;+j}wflgs c+ut Gx\ofO .
· g]kfMof d"n ;+ljwfggfk dNjfs g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]zof yMu' x] ljwfg bO . j x] ljwfgof cfwf/o\ g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]zof zf;g Joj:yf ;+rfng h'O .
· aflnu dtflwsf/, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{, sfg"gof zf;g, df}lns xs, wd{ lg/k]Iftf, dfgj clwsf/ cflbof k|Tofe"t h'O .
· k|fb]lzs hg ;efof r'gfj ax'bnLo Joj:yfof dfGotfsy+ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLof lnw+;fo\ h'O . y'lsof lg+lt+ g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]z b'g]of nfufoft hg;+Vofof cg'kfto\ ax';b:oLo lgjf{rg If]q gfn]u' h'O
· g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]zof zf;g k|0ffnLO /fHo k|d'v sy+ k|b]z hg ;efof l;kmfl/;o\ /fi6«klt+ lgo'Qm ofMDx /fHokfn÷k|b]z k|d'v j hgtfof ;jf]{Rrtfo\ cfwfl/t k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/L d'Vo dGqL h'O .
· k|fb]lzs ;efo\ %) k|ltzt ld;flkgLu' k|ltlglwTj bo]dfM y'sy+ NoMu' k|fb]lzs hg ;ef+ k'mSs nfuf kfv]+ k|ltlglwTj ofsfM ;dfj]zL k|s[ltof g]jfM :jfoQ ;/sf/ bo]s]u' h'O .
· g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]z b'g] emLu' yMu' x] pRr cbfnt g+ bO . k|fb]lzs hg ;ef+ bo ]s"u' sfg"g b'g] RjgfM pRr cbfnt+ yMu' Hof GXoflsO . emLu' yMu' k/Dk/fut ;fF:s[lts lgodoft g+ b]o\of d"n ;+ljwfggfk dNjfSs hg ;ef+ SjMl5gfM nfu" ofo]kmO .
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo+ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;‹+ 3f]if0ff ofgftMu' cfTdlg0f{oof clwsf/ cGtu{t yMu' /fhgLlts k4lt lgwf{/0f ofo]u' j cfly{s, ;fdflhs, wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts, eflifs, z}lIfs, k|zf;lgs, Goflosgfk+ ljsf; lgdf{0f nufot k'mSs ljifono\ yMDx+ lg0f{o ofO .
· g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]z b'g] d]d]u' cflbjf;L hghfltof cfTdlg0f{oof clwsf/oft ;Ddfg of;]+ :jfoQtf b'g] :jfoQtfof gLlt gfn]u' h'O . Yj gLltsy+ :jfoQ /fHo b'g] d]]d]u' hfltof ljz]if :jfoQ nfuf gL:jg]kmO .
· g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]z b'g]of e"ldof Gxfkf+u' clwsf/ g]jfM hfltoft bO . pu' e"ld Gofo]u' ldo]u' k|s[ofo\ g]jfM hfltoft Gxfkf+u' clwsf/ ;'/lIft h'O .
· k}t[s ;DklQ ld;f÷ldh+ cyf{t sfo\÷Dxfo\of ;dfg clwsf/ bO .
· b]o\of ;‹Lo ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgo\ clgjfo{ ?k+ g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]zof ;xeflutf h'Ou' Joj:yf ofo]u' h'O,
· cy] x] g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof ;Ldf x]/k]m/ ofo] dfn wf;f clgjfo{ ?k+ g]jf /fHoof k|fb]lzs hg ;ef+ cg'df]bg ofo]u' Joj:yf h'O .
· g]jf k|b]zoft yM gfk+ ;Ldf :jfgfRj+u' /fHot gfk cfTdlg0f{o ofgf Plss/0f ofo]u' clwsf/ bO
· /fHoof dxTjk"0f{ d'2fo\ hgtfof :jkxno\ /fHo b'g] g+ hgdt ;+u|xof Joj:yf ofo]u' h'O
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof clwsf/ s'07Lt h'Osy+ jf /fHoof clwsf/ If]qo\ nfMu' u'u'' g ljifo; s]Gb+| PsMlt lg0f{o oft wfM;f /fHooft lgif]wflwsf/ (Veto) of clwsf/ bO .
v_ cfly{s gLlt
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof w's"oft tMldofo]u' j plsof lnwF;fo\ /fHob'g]of ;sn gful/soft ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts j cfly{s Nofv+ ;DkGg ofgfM ;dfho\ b'u' km'Ss sy+of lje]b j zf]if0foft Gx+s]u' g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof d" cfly{s gLlt h'O .
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof cy{tGq jhf/ j of]hgfj4 ljsfzof ;dGjo h'Ou' ;dfhjfbpGd'v ldl>t cy{tGq h'O .
· cGt/b]zLo j cGt//fli6«o ag]Hofo\ Gxfkf+lg;]+ g]jfM ;d'bfoof tMw+u' NxfM b'u' j plsof dfWod b]o\of w's" anfs]u' Hof h'ofRj+u' vFoft n'+dsfM g]jfM /fHo+ Yjoft ltjM ljO .
· s[lifof Vono\ dfMu' ;'wf/ofo]t qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/of gLlt gfn]u' j j}1flgs e"pkof]uof of]hgf bo]sfM g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoo\ cfM NogfRj+u' a'F j vflnu' yfo\oft jftfj/0f d}qL j g]jfM ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbf cg's'n 5Øn]t dfMu' knfM NXjg]u' h'O .
· pBf]u, jfl0fHo j Aofkf/of Vono\ g]jfMto\s] P]ltxfl;s On+lg;]+ b'u' 1fg j k|lti7fof aMsofM g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof dfy+ cfly{s ;d'Ggltof nflu+ ljz]if cfly{s gLlt bo]sfM ljz]iftM g]jfM /fli6«o k'+hLklt j pBf]ukltlklgu' ;+/If0f j ;Da4{gofkfv] dfMu' nFk' n'OsLu' h'O .
· ;dtfof l;4fGto\ cfwfl/t ljt/0f k|0ffnL j k|ultlzn s/of Aoj:yf ofgfM ;fdflhs Gofoof nFk'O /fHoof km'Ss HofvF GXofs
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo+ yLyL b]o\of ;dfg :t/of k|b]zgfk+ s]Gb|of cg'dlt sofM efO{rf/f ;DaGw ljsf; ofo]u' j ljsf; lgdf{0fo\ ;fem]bf/L ofo]kmO . cy] x] s]Gb| j k|b]zof by'O hgtfof lxtof lglt+ Ps cfk;o\ Ujfxflnof :jfk" bO .
· ;f:s[lts ko{6g ljsfzof lglt+ ljz]if of]hgf bos]u] h'O .
· g]jfM k|b]zoft ;'/Iff, d'b|f, ljb]z ;DaGw, lgu" :jof+ cKjM k|b]zgfk :jfgfRj+u' k|fs[lts ;|f]t, ;Dkbf, /fhdfu{, xjfO p8fg, hnljB't cfof]hgf afx]s d]u' k'mSs+ clwsf/ bO .
· g]jfM k|b]zoft gLlt lgdf{0f, zf;g, k|zf;g, ef}lts of]hgf, ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff, ljsf; lgdf{0f, pBf]u, Jofkf/, >d Aoj:yf, k|fb]lzs ;8s, hn, h+un, hdLg, lzIff, :jf:Yo, efiff lnlkof k|of]u cflb clwsf/ bO . cy] x] yMu' If]qof ;|f]t j ;fwg 5\on]u' j /fh:j sfo]u', ah]6 GXoAjo]u' clwsf/ g+ k|fb]lzs ;/sf/oft bO .
· If]qLo ljsfz j k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgof ;fe]mbf/L j d+sfM k|of]uof nflu lnSs lnSs nfMu' k|b]zto\ ;dGjo ofgfM bo]sLu' If]qLo ljsfz kl/ifbo\ g g]jfM /fHo ;xefuL h'O .
· b]o\ b'g]of yLyL k|b]zt gfk+ g+ Aofkf/, ljlgdo, k|fs[lts ;|f]tof cfbfg k|bfg y]+ hfMu' Hof ofo]t g]jfM /fHo :jtGq h'O .
u_ ;fdflhs gLlt
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo b'g] u'Dx g+ JolQmoft jofu' hflt, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f, j}rfl/s cf:yf, pTklQof >f]tof lnwF;fo\ u'u' g+ sy+ lje]b j cGofok"0f{ Aojxf/ h'Odv' .
· g]jfMb'g] g+ hft j yfo\afo\of Nofv+ k'nf+u' /fHo;Qf+ lje]bk"0f{ Aojxf/ ofgfM u'lnv] ;d'bfooft cfly{s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs j d]d]u' cj;/of ‰jno\ clts+ No'g] nfsflan . plk+ ;LdflGts[t j jlxis[t h'n . t/, yf}+of g]jfM /fHo;Qfof GXoMg] k'mSs ;dfg h'O
· g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]z b'g] ;dfg Hofof ;dfg Hofnf gLlt gfn]u' h'O, ldh+ ld;fof e]b ofo]bO dv' .
· yLToMdToMof cGt ofgfM hflte]b db'u' k|b]zsy+ g]jfM k|b]zoft gfnfsfo]u' h'O .
· km'Ss >dhLjL hgtfln;]+ j[4, czQm j c;xfolklgu' ;+/If0f h'O sy+ nf]s sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yf :yfkgf ofo]u' h'O\
· o'jf b'Ao{;gL, s'nt cflbof cGToof lg+lt+ /fHo+ ljz]if sfo{qmd ;+rfng ofO . lzlIft j]/f]huf/ cGToof lg+lt+ cfly{s s[ofsnfk cKjos]u' gLlt sfO .
3_ ;fF:s[lts gLlt
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof ;f+:s[lts gLlt jx' ;fF:s[lts gLlt h'O .
· g]jfM k'vf{lklgu' >[hglzntf j HjMdb'u' l;kkfv]+ w:jfsftMu' snf, ;flxTo j ;+:s[ltof ;+/If0f j Gx" ljsfzof lg+lt+ g]kfnefiff csfb]dLoft /fHo+ lgoldt w's"of Joj:yf ofO . g]jfM ;flxTosf/ j snfsdL{lkGt /fHo+ ;Ddfg ofO .
· ljZj ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfof wnso\ b'YofgfRj+u' ygof ;Dkbf emL g]jfMto\ lg+lt+ uj{of vF vM . g]jfM /fHo+ y'lsof k|rf/ k|;f/ j ;+/Ifq ;Dj4{0f ofO .
· g]jfM ;dfh+ lGxof lGxy+ yMu' hLjgo\ GXofsfjofRj+u' l/lt, lylt, ;+:s[lt j k/Dk/f RjGXofM y]+ psL plnb'g] j}1flgstf j dfgjLo pkof]uL efjgf cn] cfbz{ so]Rofgf jofRj+u h'u'ln+ y'lsoft /fHo+ dfsy+ Ujxfln ofO .
· g]jfM /fHoofkfv]+ g]jfMto\ yMu' la:s+ snf, ;+:s[lt, ;Dkbf j k/Dk/foft w:jfsfto]u' psLoft O{ sy+ Gx"wfMofo]t ljz]if knfM NXjgL . g]jfM ;dfho\ Gxgfjg]To+u' j Gxgfjg] w'+s'u' tMlhu' 1fg j l;koft Djfsfto]u' j No+sfto]u' lg+lt+ /fHoofkfv]+ dfMu' cWoog cg';Gwfg ofsLu' j ;+/If0f ;Dj4{gofo]u' gLlt gfnL .
· /fli6«o dxTj+hfMu'of gfkgfk+ :yfgLo hfqf kj{oft dlbSs GXofs]u', lbgfj+u' u'lyoft Gx"wfM ofo]u', ;tM, kmn]rf, b]uM, rLefM, u'Daf j d7 cflboft Ono\ NXjg]u' le+s]u' lg+lt+ yft+ w's" gL:jg]u' h'O .
· g]jfM /fHo b'g]Rj+lk+ u}/g]jfM ;d'bfoof wd{, ;+:s[lt j k/Dk/foft ;Ddfgof;]+ pldu' cf:yf sy+of HofvF tfMnfs GXofs]t NjMu' jftfj/0f r"nfsfaLu' g]jfM /fHo+ yMu' bfoLTj tfo]sL .
· g]jfM /fHo wd{ lg/k]If h'O, k|b]z b'g]of bSjM wd{ ;+:s[ltoft /fHo+ ;dfg Jojxf/ ofO .
ª_ efiff gLlt
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof eflifs gLlt jx' eflifs h'O . ygof d" efiff sy+ g]kfnefiff ln;]+ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHob'g] b'lk+ u}/g]jfMto\ lg+lt+ j}slNks ?k+ v; g]kfnL j ygof d]d]u' efiffoft g+ ;/sf/L HofvFo\ 5\on] kmO . cy]x] k|zf;g j Gofofnob'g] 5Ønfa'nfoof d" efo\ g+ g]kfnefiff x] h'O .
· g]kfnefiffoft s]Gb|of ;/sf/L HofvFo\ 5\oo]s]u' lglt+ g g]jf /fHo+ kxn ofO . cGt/f{li6«o ;Dks{of lg+lt+ c+u|]hL efiff g+ 5\on]u' h'O .
· ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s Nofv+ hs dv' gZnut Nofv+ g+ ljljwtf b'u' g]jfM ;dfhoft 5yfo\ dfMxgftMu' lnwF;f df+efo\ g]kfnefiff x] vM . g]jfM 5u" eflifs ;d'bfo h"u'ln+ Yjof la:s+ Dx;Lsf j Pstf No+sfto\t g]jfMto\ df+efo\ g]kfnefiff hLjGt h'OdfM . y'lsof lg+lt+ /fHo+ efiff :og]u' ljz]if Joj:yf ofO .
· g]kfMof uf}/jzfnL ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf cn] g]jfMto\;+ yM df+efo\of dfWod+ ;/sf/L j u}/;/sf/L Vono\ RjofM j GjjfgfM cleAolQm aL bOu' g};lu{s clwsf/of ;Ddfg of;]+ g]kfnefiffof ;flxTo, jfËdo j lnlkof ljsf;, ;+/If0f j ;Da4{gof lg+lt+ ljz]if gLlt gfnL .
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo+ g]kfnefiffof dfWod+ yLyL ;+~rf/ dfWod g+ GXofsL .
· g]jfM d:to\ j g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof lzIf0f ;+:yfo\ cfvM Aj+sLu' j :ogLu' efo\ g]kfnefiff h'O . Yjx] ef;+ kf7Ø Hjn+ bo ]sLu' h'O . g]jfM efo\ d:t j tMlwslkGt clgjfo{ sy+ g]kfnefiff :ogLu' Hof
r_ lzIff gLlt
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo+ lzIff sfo]u' dg"of g};lu{s clwsf/ vM w}u' ljZjhGo dfGotfoft gfnf j}1flgs lzIff k|0ffnL jfu" ofO .
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoofb'g] lzIffoft ;j{ ;'ne j ;j{Aofks ofo]u' d" gLlt sy+ y'lsof lg+lt+ /fHokfv]+ d'Ss+ efnf SjaLu' h'O .
· of]Uo j lzlIft gful/s bo ]s]u' g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof 5u" d" cfh' vM . Yjx] gLltof Aojxfl/s ?k+ Sjft's]t j tfMnfs]t g]jfM :jfoQ /fHob'g]of d:to\t g]kfnefiff pldu' df+efo\of dfWod+ lzIff aLu' Hof
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof nfuf b'g]of km'Ss uf+:t/o\ df+ef;+ cfvM Ajg]bOu' k|fylds txof ljBfno Yo+s]u' j gu/Lo nfufo\ Dxf]lt lg+ 5u" SofDk; :t/of lzIf0f ;+:yf rfo]s]u' h'O . cy]x] O{of cfjZostf sy+ jx'n ljwfof yLyL ljZjljBfnot ;+EofAotfof lnwF;fo\ w:jfs]u' gLlt h'O ,
· g]jfM /fHob'g] cfly{s, ;fdflhs j ;f+:s[lts j d]d]u' cj;/of Nofv+ lDxuMof /fHo;Qf+ No"g] nfsftMlk+ ju{ ;d'bfoof d:to\t lzIff ;'ne j ;xh h'Os]t ;s/fTds lje]bof l;4fGt sy+ ljz]if s'tM h'O .
· lzIff Vono\ vg]bofRj+u' lglhs/0f j Aofkf/Ls/0fof sf/0f+ ;dfho\ tMld+lklg d:t j rLldlklg d:to\ bYjL z}lIfs cj;/ j :t/o\ AjngfjMu' tMw+u' cGt/oft Gx+s]u' g]jfM :jfo]Q /fHoofkfv]+ ljz]if s'tM h'O . gfk+ z}lIfs VoMof ;+:yfut Aoj:yfkgof efnf ;DjlGwt yfo\of ;DjlGwt cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfoof Nxfto\ nfo]dfM w}u' tft'gfM plsof NjMu' sfg"gL Aoj:yf /fHo+ ofO .
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHob'g] lem+bFofb'g] ;'+ g+ 5Dx gful/s lgl/If/ dh'Odf w}u' tft'gfM k|f}9 ;fIf/tfoft Go+seg GXofsL . cy]x] lzlIft j]/f]huf/Lof ;d:of Ajdng]dfM w}u' larfn+ lzIffoft Aoj;fod"ns bo]sLu' j lzlIft dg"to\t nhufM r"nfs]u' ljz]if Uj;fM h'O .
5_ ;dfj]zLs/0fof gLlt
· g]jfM ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s, eflifs j If]qut Nofv+ clts+ jx'ntf j ljljwtf b'u' ;d'bfo vM . yf}+ Yjx] jx'ntf j ljljwtf g]jfMto\ 5u" ljlzi6tf h'ofAo"u' b' . t/, lDxuMof lje]bsf/L /fHo;Qf+ yLyL sf/0f SogfM g]jfM b'g]of BMnf, skfnL, b'FO, s'n', gfoM, v8\uL, anfld, kx/L, d':df+, wf]aL, gflkt cflb ;d'bfooft g+ /fHo;Qf+ No"g] nfsftMu' b', plk+ k'mSs ;d'bfooft /fHo+ ;dfg Jojxf/ ofO
· P]ltxfl;s sfno\ h"u' y'sy+of lje]b j cGofoof kn];f k'n] sy+ j yy] No"g]nfsftMu' ;d'bfoof g]jfMto\t d]d]u' ;d'bfoof ;dfg:t/o\ ysfo]t g]jfM :jfoQ /fHokfv]+ ;dfj]zLs/0fof ljz]if gLlt gfnfsfO .
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof Aoj:yflksf, sfo{kflnsf j Gofokflnsfof gfkgfk+ d]d]u' gLlt lgdf{0fof yf;o\ g]jfM ;d'bfoof yy] No"g] nfgfRj+lk+t b'Yofo]t ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjof Joj:yf ofo]u' h'O, psy+ g+ u'u'+ ;d'bfo TjkmLu' cj:yf b';f pldu' k|ltlglwTjof 5u" la:s+ sfg"gL Aoj:yf jf ;sf/fTds lje]bof gLlt gfnfM sfo]u' h'O
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof nfufb'g] g]jfMto\ jfx'No b';f+ yg d]d]u' hflt j hghfltof dg"t g+ tfxfsMu' On+lg;]+ RjgfjofRj+u' b' . ygb'g] b'Yofu' u}/g]jfM ;d'bfooft g ;dfg clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ofo]t ;+ljwfgo\ Joj:yf h" sy+ ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj bO .
· g]jfM /fHo b'g] hg;+Vofof Nofv+ Dxf] hs b'u' u}/ g]jfM ;d'bfoof dg"to\t cNk;+Vosto\ clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ofgfM Oldt dfMu' ;+/If0f ofo]u' h'O . Oldt g+ /fHoof yLyL c+uo\ cf/If0f jf sf]6f k|0ffnLof dfWod+ ;dfj]zL ofo]u' h'O .
h_ cjlzi6 clwsf/ ;DjlGw gLlt
· s]Gb|, k|b]z j :yfgLo lgsfoof by'O :ki6 ?k+ If]qflwsf/ jfF8kmfF6 ofof]u' h'O . s]Gb| j k|b]zof ;xjtL{ clwsf/ g+ ;+ljwfgo\ x] Joj:yf h'O .
· ;+ljwfgo\ :ki6 ?k+ Joj:yf dh"u' /fHoof zlQm j cjlzi6 clwsf/ s]Gb| j k|b]zof ;xjtL{ clwsf/ (Concurrent Rights) sy+ Joj:yf ofo]u' h'O .
em_ :yfgLo lgsfo
· g]jfM /fHo b'g]of :yfgLo lgsfooft nfuf, ljz]if :jfoQ nfuf, gu/ j uf+ ;/sf/of ?k+ ;+ul7t ofo]u' h'O, Yjof :j?k b]o\of ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf cg'?k g]jfM /fHo+ x] SjMl5O,
· :yfgLo lgsfot;]+ g yMu' cnu ;+lxtfof ?ko\ rf6{/of Joj:yf ofo] kmO .
· :yfgLo lgsfoof k'g;{+/rgf ofo]ano\ gu/kflnsf j uf+kflnsfoft Ajyn]u' d'Vo cfwf/ ljsf;of k"jf{wf/ h'O . cfMof uf+kflnsfoft k'g;{+/rgf ofo]ano\ ef}uf]lns ?k+ Gxfkf :jof+ tMw+ ofgfM Oldt g+ k|b]zof +ljwfgo\ x] Joj:yf ofgfM lglZrt xb ts ljwflosL, sfo{sf/L j Goflos :jtf+ clwsf/ laOu' h'O .
· gu/of k"jf{wf/ k"jg]j+ ufpFkflnsf gu/kflnsfo\ ?kfGtl/t h'O .
· y'sy+ Ajyn]ano\ g]jfM If]q b'g] ;3g ?k+ RjgfRj+lk+ v; cfo{, tfdfË cflb hflt÷hghfltlkGt kmof+kmSj 5yfo\ x] nfsfM ljz]if :jfoQ nfuf jf uf+ :t/Lo :jfoQtf laOu' h'O .
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo b'g] g]jfMto\u' nfufoft :yfgLo :jzf;g laOu' h'O;f tfdfË, v; cfo{ ;d'bfo jf d]d]u' hfltto\t hftLo :jzf;g laOu' h'O .
· y'u' k|b]z b'g] nfuf, gu/÷ufkflnsf:t/Lo :jzf;g j nfuf db'lkGt ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj jf ljz]if Joj:yfsy+ k|ltlglwTj ofs]u' h'O .
· :yfgLo lgsfo+ ofo] kmOu' ljsfz lgdf{0f, :yfgLo s/, :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwg cflb :yfgLo lgofoof x] clwsf/ If]q b'g] to]u' h'O .
~f_ ljljw
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof gful/sto\ yMu' Dxl;sfof lglt+ s]Gb|of d+sfM gful/stfof cltl/Qm yMu' /fHoof cnu /fHo kl/rokqof Joj:yf ofo]u' h'O
· g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof yMu' cnu WjfFo\, /fHoufg j k|lts lrGxof g+ Joj:yf h'O,
· g]jfM k|b]z+ yLyL b]o\of ;dfg :t/of k|b]ztgfk+ s]Gb|of cg'dlt sofM ljsfz lgdf{0fof nflu efO{rf/f ;DaGw ljsf; ofo]kmO .
· s]Gb| j g]jfM /fHoof by'O 5'+ g ljjfb h'ofM cfk;L ;xdlt dh'n wfM;f ;dfwfgof lg+lt+ g]jfM k|b]zof ;+nUgtfo\ l6«Jo'gn :jg]u' h'O . t/ cGt/ /fHo÷k|b]z by'O 5'+ g+ dte]b Ajng wfM;f plsoft s]Gb|of /f]xa/o\ ;dfwfg ofo]u' h'O .
;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L
!_ cfrfo{, afa'/fd M lj=;+ @)^), k|frLg sfnsf] g]kfn, >Ls[i0f cfrfo{
@_ /]UdL, hubLzrGb| M lj=;+ @)%%, k|frLg g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts Oltxf;, /Tg k':ts e08f/
#_ k|wfg, s]bf/gfy M lj=;+=@)$%, gf}nf] g]kfn kl/ro, /Tg k':ts e08f/
$_ zdf{, afnrGb M lj=;+ @)##, g]kfnsf] P]ltxfl;s ?k/]vf, jf/f0f;L
%_ jh|frfo{, wgjh| M lj=;=@)#) lnR5jLsflng clen]v, PlzofnL cWoog ;+:yf
^_ tdf]6, sfFlzgfy Mg]=;+= !!@^ g]kfnd08n, g]kfnd08n cWoog u'ly
&_ x]ug, 6f]gL M lj=;+= @)%*, g]kfnsf] lrgf/L, lxdfn lstfj
*_ xfldN6g, Pkm= lj= M O=;+= !((), Pg Psfp06 ckm lb lsËbd ckm g]kfn, Plzog klJnlzª xfp;, Go' lbNnL
(_ >]i7, /fh]Gb| M O= ;++= @))(, ljZjsf ;+3Lo /fHox?, ;+ljwfg;ef / g]kfnsf] jf6f], l;k]m; g]kfn
!)_ dNn s] ;'Gb/ M g]=;+= !!#), g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo, g]jfM hfu/0f d~r
!!_ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo 3f]if0ffM g]=;+= !!#), g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo d+sfM ;+3if{ ;ldlt
!@_ cflbjf;L clwsf/;DaGwL ljZjAofkL 3f]if0ffkq – @))&
!#_ cGt//fli6«o >d ;+u7g dxf;GwL – !^(
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